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Strawman
Category: Fallacy
What is it?
A strawman fallacy occurs when a person distorts or exaggerates their opponent's argument, and then attacks the distorted version instead of the real one. It's easier to knock down a straw man than a real person.
Examples
Person A: "I think we should invest more in public education."
Person B: "So you want to throw unlimited money at schools and bankrupt the country? That's a terrible idea."
How to Avoid This
Represent your opponent's argument fairly and accurately. If you're not sure you understand it, ask for clarification. Address their actual points, not a distorted version of them.
How to Counter This
Correct the misrepresentation of your argument. 'That's not what I said. My point was...' Restate your position clearly to get the conversation back on track.